01
Mitochondria
SS-31/elamipretide targets cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Mitochondrial cardiolipin-binding tetrapeptide
SS-31 / Elamipretide
Mitochondria
SS-31 is the development name for elamipretide, a tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Clinical programmes in mitochondrial disease produced mixed primary outcomes; approval applies to a specific formulation and rare condition.
1Overview
1× / dayReference frequency
DataRandomised trials with mixed outcomes
Research status
Elamipretide has a specific US Barth-syndrome approval; research vials are not equivalent
SS-31 ELAMIPRETIDE10 MG
01 · Overview
What is SS-31 / Elamipretide?
SS-31 is the development name for elamipretide, a tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Clinical programmes in mitochondrial disease produced mixed primary outcomes; approval applies to a specific formulation and rare condition.
Research route, formulation and population determine what a result actually means.
02 · Research
What do the studies show?
Randomised trials with mixed outcomes. Educational information. Not diagnosis, treatment or use advice.
n=30
Human researchMMPOWER-2
After four weeks the six-minute-walk difference was not statistically significant, while some fatigue scores improved.
Mixed
Phase 3Barth syndrome programme
The randomised phase missed its primary endpoints; long-term and mechanistic data supported further regulatory review.
03 · DATA
Peptide and product specifications
Checked identity data for this research compound or blend.
SS-31 / ElamipretidePeptide and product specifications
Molecular formula
C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅
Molecular weight
639.80 g/mol
CAS number
736992-21-5
Amino-acid sequence / components
D-Arg-Tyr(2,6-diMe)-Lys-Phe-NH₂
Amino-acid count
4
Purity
Batch-specific - confirm identity and purity with the Velora COA
Reference form
White lyophilised powder
Reference diluent
Formulation- and batch-specific; there is no universal diluent for every research compound
Unreconstituted-material storage
Follow the accompanying COA, product label and validated stability data
These are compound references, not a batch certificate. Purity and identity of a specific Velora batch must be confirmed by its accompanying COA and laboratory report.
04 · Calculator
Reconstitution and U-100 conversion
This module only converts concentration and volume. Inputs are not recommendations or individual dosing advice.
Calculator
Once daily in clinical trials
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0.00 mL
SS-31 ELAMIPRETIDE
10 MG
Concentration-
Per unit-
Complete amounts-
Calculated duration-
LAB · RECONSTITUTION
How to reconstitute SS-31 / Elamipretide for laboratory research
A visual workflow for controlled laboratory reconstitution. Always follow the product label, COA and a validated protocol.
Clean
Disinfect the rubber closures of both vials and allow them to dry.
Measure diluent
Withdraw only the diluent validated for the specific compound.
Add slowly
Let the liquid run slowly down the inside wall of the vial.
Swirl gently
Do not shake; rotate gently until the material has dissolved.
Store per protocol
Follow the product label, COA and validated stability data.
Important checks before and after reconstitution
Check the product
First confirm that the product is a lyophilised vial. Prefilled pens and ready-to-use solutions do not require reconstitution. Check the label, COA and specified diluent.
Use clean, sterile technique
Wash your hands, clean the work surface and use new sterile equipment for every procedure. Clean both rubber closures with separate alcohol swabs and let them dry completely.
Concentration, not total amount
The volume of liquid added changes the concentration in mg per mL, but not the total amount of research compound in the vial. Use the calculator to check this in advance.
Inspect and label
Check for unexpected discoloration, cloudiness or visible particles. Record the compound, concentration and reconstitution date. Storage time and temperature are product-specific; a fixed 28-day rule does not apply to every compound.
General reconstitution volumes listed by the source
General examples, not a product-specific protocol. The chosen volume determines concentration; always check the label, COA and calculator.
| Vial strength | Commonly listed volume |
|---|---|
| 2 mg | 1–2 mL |
| 5 mg | 2–3 mL |
| 6 mg | 2–3 mL |
| 10 mg | 2–4 mL |
| 15 mg | 3–5 mL |
| 20 mg | 4–8 mL |
Practical background source: Free Medical Journals - Complete Step-by-Step Guide to Peptide Reconstitution, accessed July 2026. This is a secondary educational source; the product label, COA and validated stability data remain authoritative.
05 · Safety and limitations
Safety and limitations
Research route, formulation and population determine what a result actually means.
What is known
- Visible research claims use primary or official sources.
- The calculator is arithmetic and does not turn a study amount into medical advice.
- A registered medicine and a research vial are not automatically equivalent.
What remains uncertain
- Many products lack long-term safety data and independent replication.
- Animal and cell findings do not predict a safe human dose.
- Stability depends on formulation, pH, sterility, light, temperature and packaging.
Status: Elamipretide has a specific US Barth-syndrome approval; research vials are not equivalent. Educational information. Not diagnosis, treatment or use advice.
06 · FAQ
Frequently asked questions
SS-31 is the development name for elamipretide, a tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Clinical programmes in mitochondrial disease produced mixed primary outcomes; approval applies to a specific formulation and rare condition.
After four weeks the six-minute-walk difference was not statistically significant, while some fatigue scores improved. The randomised phase missed its primary endpoints; long-term and mechanistic data supported further regulatory review.
No. It performs arithmetic conversions only. Medical decisions belong with a licensed healthcare professional.
The curve follows the agreed storage model and is not a laboratory result.
2–8 °C. Protect from light and repeated freeze-thaw cycles.